Scale (Ruler)

A calibration adjudicator is a apparatus for barometer lengths and appointment abstracts at a anchored arrangement of length; two accepted examples are an architect's calibration and engineer's scale. In accurate and engineering terminology, a accessory to admeasurement beeline ambit and actualize proportional beeline abstracts is alleged a scale. A accessory for cartoon beeline curve is a beeline bend or ruler. In accepted usage, both are referred to as a ruler. Architect's scale
A triangular architect's scale, fabricated of brass

An architect's calibration is a specialized adjudicator advised to facilitate the drafting and barometer of architectural drawings, such as attic affairs and Multi-view orthographic projections.

Because the calibration of such assets are about abate than life-size, an architect's calibration appearance assorted units of breadth and proportional breadth increments.

For accurateness and longevity, the actual acclimated should be dimensionally abiding and durable. Scales were frequently fabricated of wood, but today they are usually fabricated of adamant artificial or aluminum. Architect's scales may be flat, with 4 scales, or accept agee 3-lobed cross-section, with 6 scales.
United States and Imperial units

In the United States, and above-mentioned to metrication in Britain, Canada and Australia, architect's scales are apparent as a arrangement of x inches-to-the-foot (typically accounting as x″=1′-0″). For example, one inch abstinent from a cartoon with a calibration of "one-inch-to-the-foot" is agnate to one bottom in the absolute apple (a calibration of 1:12 abstinent from a cartoon with a calibration of "two-inches-to-the-foot" is agnate to six inches in the absolute apple (a calibration of 1:6). It is not to be abashed with a accurate unitless ratio. A 1:5 architectural calibration (inches to feet) would be a 1:60 unitless calibration (inches to inches) back there are 60 inches in 5 feet.

Typical scales acclimated in the United States are:

    abounding scale, with inches, disconnected into sixteenths of an inch

The afterward scales are about aggregate in pairs application the aforementioned dual-numbered basis band (one calibration is apprehend from the right, and the added calibration is apprehend from the left):

    three-inches-to-the-foot (3″=1′-0″) (ratio agnate 1:4)      one-and-one-half-inch-to-the-foot (​1 1⁄2″=1′-0″) (1:8)
    one-inch-to-the-foot (1″=1′-0″) (1:12)      one-half-inch-to-the-foot (​1⁄2″=1′-0″) (1:24)
    three-quarters-inch-to-the-foot (​3⁄4″=1′-0″) (1:16)      three-eighths-inch-to-the-foot (​3⁄8″=1′-0″) (1:32)
    one-quarter-inch-to-the-foot (​1⁄4″=1′-0″) (1:48)      one-eighth-inch-to-the-foot (​1⁄8″=1′-0″) (1:96)
    three-sixteenths-inch-to-the-foot (​3⁄16″=1′-0″) (1:64)      three-thirty-seconds-inch-to-the-foot (​3⁄32″=1′0″) (1:128)

Metric units

Architect's calibration rulers acclimated in Britain and added metric countries are apparent with ratios after advertence to a abject unit. Therefore, a cartoon will announce both its calibration (ratio) and the assemblage of altitude actuality used.

In Britain, and elsewhere, the accepted units acclimated on architectural assets are the (SI) units millimetres (mm) and metres (m), admitting in France centimetres (cm) and metres are best about used.

In Britain, for collapsed rulers, the commutual scales about begin on architect's scales are:

    1:1/1:10
    1:5/1:50
    1:10/1:100
    1:20/1:200
    1:1250/1:2500

For triangular rulers, the commutual scales are:

    1:1/1:10
    1:2/1:20
    1:5/1:50
    1:100/1:200
    1:500/1:1000
    1:1250/1:2500

Less accepted scales are:

    1:25/1:250
    1:33​1⁄3
    2:1

In France, in engineering departments or architectural offices, actuality are some scales acclimated :

    1:100 / 1:300
    1:200 / 1:400
    1:250 / 1:500

Engineer's scale
Boxed set of 1850s ivory engineer's scales presented to the railway civilian architect George Turnbull in India. 16 scales are engraved.

An engineer's calibration is a apparatus for barometer distances and appointment abstracts at a anchored arrangement of length. It is frequently fabricated of artificial or aluminum and is aloof over 12 inches (300 mm) long, but with the alone 12  inches of markings, abrogation the ends bare so that the aboriginal and aftermost barometer ticks do not abrasion off. It is acclimated in authoritative engineering drawings, frequently alleged blueprints, dejected lines, or affairs on a specific scale. For example, "one-tenth size" would arise on a cartoon to announce a allotment beyond than the cartoon on the cardboard itself. It is not to be acclimated to admeasurement machined genitalia to see if they accommodated specifications.

In the United States this calibration is disconnected into decimalized fractions of an inch but has a array like an boxlike triangle, which enables the calibration to accept six edges indexed for measurement. One bend is disconnected into tenths of an inch, and the consecutive ones are anon apparent for twentieths, thirtieths, fortieths, fiftieths, and assuredly sixtieths of an inch. Referred to as 1:10, 1:20, 1:30,1:40, 1:50 or 1:60 scale. About in civilian engineering applications, 1:10 (1″=10′) is acclimated alone for detail drawings. 1:20 and 1:40 scales are acclimated for alive plans. 1:60 is commonly acclimated alone to appearance ample areas of a project.

The engineer's calibration came into actuality back machining genitalia appropriate a greater attention than the usual, bifold fractionalization of the inch, as in the architect's scale, for houses and furniture. They were used, for example, in laying out printed ambit boards with the agreement of leads from chip circuits as one-tenth of an inch.