Beta

Beta (UK: /ˈbiːtə/, US: /ˈbeɪtə/; uppercase Β, lowercase β, or cursive ϐ; Age-old Greek: βῆτα, romanized: bē̂ta or Greek: βήτα, romanized: víta) is the additional letter of the Greek alphabet. In the arrangement of Greek numerals it has a amount of 2. In Age-old Greek, beta represented the accurate bilabial affricate /b/. In Avant-garde Greek, it represents the accurate labiodental affricate /v/ (while /b/ in adopted words is instead frequently transcribed as μπ). Belletrist that arose from beta accommodate the Roman letter ⟨B⟩ and the Cyrillic belletrist ⟨Б⟩ and ⟨В⟩. Name

Like the names of best added Greek letters, the name of beta was adopted from the acrophonic name of the agnate letter in Phoenician, which was the accepted Semitic babble *bait ('house'). In Greek, the name was βῆτα bêta, arresting [bɛ̂ːta] in Age-old Greek. It is spelled βήτα in avant-garde monotonic orthography and arresting [ˈvita].
History
See also: Archaic Greek alphabets

The letter beta was acquired from the Phoenician letter beth Beth.

The letter Β had the better cardinal of awful aberrant bounded forms. Besides the accepted anatomy (either angled or pointed, Greek Beta 16.svg), there were forms as assorted as Greek Beta 12.svg (Gortyn), Greek Beta 01.svg and Greek Beta 10.svg (Thera), Greek Beta 03.svg (Argos), Greek Beta 05.svg (Melos), Greek Beta Corinth 1.svg (Corinth), Greek Beta Byzantium 1.svg (Megara, Byzantium), and Greek Gamma C-shaped.svg (Cyclades).[1]
Uses
The Greek alphabet on an age-old atramentous amount vessel, with the artlessly angular beta of the time
Algebraic numerals

In the arrangement of Greek numerals, beta has a amount of 2. Such use is denoted by a cardinal mark: Β′.
Computing
See also: Software absolution activity aeon § Beta
Finance

Beta is acclimated in accounts as a admeasurement of advance portfolio risk. Beta in this ambience is affected as the covariance of the portfolio's allotment with its benchmark's returns, disconnected by the about-face of the benchmark's returns. A beta of 1.5 agency that for every 1% change in the amount of the benchmark, the portfolio's amount tends to change by 1.5%.
International Phonetic Alphabet

In the International Phonetic Alphabet, Greek atomic beta denotes a accurate bilabial affricate [β].

A superscript adaptation may additionally announce a aeroembolism vowel, like [ɯᵝ].
Meteorology

Beta has alert been acclimated to name an Atlantic Basin close cyclone:

    Hurricane Beta, in 2005
    Close Storm Beta, in 2020

Mathematics and science

Beta is generally acclimated to denote a capricious in mathematics and physics, area it generally has specific meanings for assertive applications. In physics a beck of absolved active electrons is frequently referred to as beta radiation or beta rays. In corruption analysis, ⟨B⟩ symbolizes nonstandardized fractional abruptness coefficients, admitting ⟨β⟩ represents connected (standard deviation-score form) coefficients; in both cases, the coefficients reflect the change in the archetype Y per one-unit change in the amount of the associated augur X. β is additionally acclimated in biology, for instance in β-Carotene, a primary antecedent of provitamin A, or the β beef in pancreatic islets, which aftermath insulin.

β is sometimes acclimated as a placeholder for an cardinal cardinal if α is already used. For example, the two roots of a boxlike blueprint are about labelled α and β.

In spaceflight, beta bend describes the bend amid the apogee even of a aircraft or added anatomy and the agent from the sun.

β is sometimes acclimated to beggarly the proton-to-electron accumulation ratio.
Rock aggressive terminology

The appellation "beta" refers to admonition on how to auspiciously complete a accurate aggressive route, bedrock problem, or body sequence.[2]
Slang

The appellation "beta" has become a accepted adjective acclimated colloquially to call addition who is announcement behaviours that allocate them as accustomed and non-confrontational, generally defective allure and confidence. It is generally acclimated in the byword "beta male," which is acclimated to call a being of the macho gender who does not advance any ascendant "alpha actions" into their character, such as ambuscade a accumulation babble online after accommodating or abundant defective of amusing awareness.
Statistics

In statistics, beta may represent blazon II error, or corruption slope.

Typography

In some high-quality typesetting, abnormally in the French tradition, a typographic alternative of the lowercase letter after a descender is acclimated aural a babble for age-old Greek: βίβλος is printed βίϐλος.[3]

In book abstruse literature, it is a frequently fabricated aberration to use the German letter ß (a s–z or s–s ligature) as a backup for β. The two belletrist resemble anniversary added in some fonts, but they are unrelated.[4]
Videotape formats

"Beta" can be acclimated to accredit to several customer and able cine formats developed by Japan's Sony Corporation. Although analogously named, they are actual altered in action and obsolescence.

    Betamax was the name of a calm cine architecture developed in the 1970s and 1980s. It competed with the Video Home Arrangement (VHS) architecture developed by the Japanese Victor Company, to which it eventually succumbed. The Betamax architecture was additionally marketed Betacord by (Sanyo); some cassettes were artlessly labeled "Beta," and the logo was a lower-case beta. Betamax absent in the bazaar and is an oft-used archetype of a technically above band-aid that bootless due to bazaar forces.
    Betacam, including Beta SP and DigiBeta, is a ancestors of able cine formats launched in 1982 that was the de facto accepted for able video, advertising, and television assembly through the 2000s. The formats outlasted analog NTSC television, and their absence today is because the industry has confused to HD formats.

Character encodings

    Greek Beta

Character advice Preview     Β     β     ϐ     ᵝ     ᵦ
Unicode name     GREEK CAPITAL LETTER BETA     GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA     GREEK BETA SYMBOL     MODIFIER LETTER SMALL BETA     GREEK SUBSCRIPT SMALL LETTER BETA
Encodings     decimal     hex     decimal     hex     decimal     hex     decimal     hex     decimal     hex
Unicode     914     U+0392     946     U+03B2     976     U+03D0     7517     U+1D5D     7526     U+1D66
UTF-8     206 146     CE 92     206 178     CE B2     207 144     CF 90     225 181 157     E1 B5 9D     225 181 166     E1 B5 A6
Numeric appearance advertence     Β     Β     β     β     ϐ     ϐ     ᵝ     ᵝ     ᵦ     ᵦ
Named appearance advertence     Β     β            
DOS Greek     129     81     153     99                        
DOS Greek-2     165     A5     215     D7                        
Windows 1253     194     C2     226     E2                        
TeX         \beta            

    Latin Beta

Character advice Preview     Ꞵ     ꞵ
Unicode name     LATIN CAPITAL LETTER BETA     LATIN SMALL LETTER BETA
Encodings     decimal     hex     decimal     hex
Unicode     42932     U+A7B4     42933     U+A7B5
UTF-8     234 158 180     EA 9E B4     234 158 181     EA 9E B5
Numeric appearance advertence     Ꞵ     Ꞵ     ꞵ     ꞵ

    Algebraic Beta

Character advice Preview     𝚩     𝛃     𝛣     𝛽     𝜝     𝜷
Unicode name     MATHEMATICAL BOLD
CAPITAL BETA     MATHEMATICAL BOLD
SMALL BETA     MATHEMATICAL ITALIC
CAPITAL BETA     MATHEMATICAL ITALIC
SMALL BETA     MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC
CAPITAL BETA     MATHEMATICAL BOLD ITALIC
SMALL BETA
Encodings     decimal     hex     decimal     hex     decimal     hex     decimal     hex     decimal     hex     decimal     hex
Unicode     120489     U+1D6A9     120515     U+1D6C3     120547     U+1D6E3     120573     U+1D6FD     120605     U+1D71D     120631     U+1D737
UTF-8     240 157 154 169     F0 9D 9A A9     240 157 155 131     F0 9D 9B 83     240 157 155 163     F0 9D 9B A3     240 157 155 189     F0 9D 9B BD     240 157 156 157     F0 9D 9C 9D     240 157 156 183     F0 9D 9C B7
UTF-16     55349 57001     D835 DEA9     55349 57027     D835 DEC3     55349 57059     D835 DEE3     55349 57085     D835 DEFD     55349 57117     D835 DF1D     55349 57143     D835 DF37
Numeric appearance advertence     𝚩     𝚩     𝛃     𝛃     𝛣     𝛣     𝛽     𝛽     𝜝     𝜝     𝜷     𝜷
Character advice Preview     𝝗     𝝱     𝞑     𝞫
Unicode name     MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF
BOLD CAPITAL BETA     MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF
BOLD SMALL BETA     MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF
BOLD ITALIC CAPITAL BETA     MATHEMATICAL SANS-SERIF
BOLD ITALIC SMALL BETA
Encodings     decimal     hex     decimal     hex     decimal     hex     decimal     hex
Unicode     120663     U+1D757     120689     U+1D771     120721     U+1D791     120747     U+1D7AB
UTF-8     240 157 157 151     F0 9D 9D 97     240 157 157 177     F0 9D 9D B1     240 157 158 145     F0 9D 9E 91     240 157 158 171     F0 9D 9E AB
UTF-16     55349 57175     D835 DF57     55349 57201     D835 DF71     55349 57233     D835 DF91     55349 57259     D835 DFAB
Numeric appearance advertence     𝝗     𝝗     𝝱     𝝱     𝞑     𝞑     𝞫     𝞫

These characters are acclimated alone as algebraic symbols. Stylized Greek argument should be encoded application the accustomed Greek letters, with markup and formatting to announce argument style.