College

A academy (Latin: collegium) is an educational academy or a basal allotment of one. A academy may be a degree-awarding tertiary educational institution, a allotment of a bookish or federal university, an academy alms abstruse education, or a accessory school.

In the Affiliated States, "college" may accredit to a basal allotment of a university or to a degree-awarding tertiary educational institution, but about "college" and "university" are acclimated interchangeably,[1] admitting in the Affiliated Kingdom, Oceania, South Asia, Southern Africa, best of Europe and Africa, and Canada, "college" may accredit to a aerial academy or accessory school, a academy of added education, a training academy that awards barter qualifications, a higher-education provider that does not acquire university cachet (often afterwards its own degree-awarding powers), or a basal allotment of a university (see this allegory of British and American English educational analogue for added information).
Etymology
Main article: Academy (corporation)
Carmichael College, Rangpur,which was accustomed by the British rulers. Both academy and accessory apprenticeship are accustomed to the acceptance here.

The chat "college" is from the Latin verb lego, legere, legi, lectum, "to collect, accumulate together, pick", added the preposition cum, "with",[2] appropriately acceptation "selected together". Appropriately "colleagues" are actually "persons who acquire been alleged to assignment together". In age-old Rome a collegium was a "body, guild, association affiliated in colleagueship; of magistrates, praetors, tribunes, priests, augurs; a political club or barter guild".[3] Appropriately a academy was a anatomy of association or accumulated body, an bogus acknowledged actuality (body/corpus) with its own acknowledged personality, with the adaptation to access into acknowledged contracts, to sue and be sued. In mediaeval England there were colleges of priests, for archetype in chantry chapels; avant-garde survivals accommodate the Royal Academy of Surgeons in England (originally the Brotherhood of Surgeons Aural the Burghal of London), the Academy of Arms in London (a anatomy of heralds administering heraldic law), an balloter academy (to acquire representatives), etc., all groups of bodies "selected in common" to accomplish a defined action and appointed by a monarch, architect or added actuality in authority. As for the avant-garde "college of education", it was a anatomy created for that purpose, for archetype Eton Academy was founded in 1440 by belletrist apparent of King Henry VI for the architectonics of a academy of Fellows, priests, clerks, choristers, poor scholars, and old poor men, with one adept or governor, whose assignment it shall be to acquaint these advisers and any others who may resort thither from any allotment of England in the adeptness of letters, and abnormally of grammar, afterwards payment".[4]
Overview
Higher education
King's Academy London, accustomed by a Royal Allotment in 1829, is one of the founding colleges of the University of London.

Within academy education, the appellation can be acclimated to accredit to:[5]

    A basal allotment of a bookish university, for archetype King's College, Cambridge, or of a federal university, for archetype King's Academy London.
    A avant-garde arts college, an absolute academy of academy apprenticeship absorption on undergraduate education, such as Williams Academy or Amherst College.
    A avant-garde arts analysis of a university whose undergraduate affairs does not contrarily chase a avant-garde arts model, such as the Yuanpei Academy at Peking University.
    An convention accouterment specialised training, such as a academy of added education, for archetype Belfast Metropolitan College, a abecedary training college, or an art college.
    In the Affiliated States, academy is sometimes but rarely a analogue for a analysis university, such as Dartmouth College, one of the eight universities in the Ivy League.

Further education
Main article: Sixth anatomy college

A sixth anatomy academy or academy of added apprenticeship is an educational academy in England, Wales, Northern Ireland, Belize, the Caribbean, Malta, Norway, Brunei, or Southern Africa, amid others, area acceptance age-old 16 to 19 about abstraction for avant-garde school-level qualifications, such as A-levels, BTEC, HND or its agnate and the International Baccalaureate Diploma, or school-level abilities such as GCSEs. In Singapore and India, this is accepted as a inferior college. The borough government of the burghal of Paris uses the byword "sixth anatomy college" as the English name for a lycée.[6]
Secondary education
Scotch College, Melbourne, an absolute accessory academy in Australia.

In some civic apprenticeship systems, accessory schools may be alleged "colleges" or acquire "college" as allotment of their title.

In Australia the appellation "college" is activated to any clandestine or absolute (non-government) primary and, especially, accessory academy as audible from a accompaniment school. Melbourne Grammar School, Cranbrook School, Sydney and The King's School, Parramatta are advised colleges.

There has additionally been a contempo trend to rename or actualize government accessory schools as "colleges". In the accompaniment of Victoria, some accompaniment aerial schools are referred to as accessory colleges, although the pre-eminent government accessory academy for boys in Melbourne is still alleged Melbourne Aerial School. In Western Australia, South Australia and the Northern Territory, "college" is acclimated in the name of all accompaniment aerial schools congenital aback the backward 1990s, and additionally some earlier ones. In New South Wales, some aerial schools, abnormally multi-campus schools consistent from mergers, are accepted as "secondary colleges". In Queensland some newer schools which acquire primary and aerial academy acceptance are styled accompaniment college, but accompaniment schools alms abandoned accessory apprenticeship are alleged "State Aerial School". In Tasmania and the Australian Capital Territory, "college" refers to the final two years of aerial academy (years 11 and 12), and the institutions which accommodate this. In this context, "college" is a arrangement absolute of the added years of aerial school. Here, the announcement is a beneath adaptation of chic college.

In a cardinal of Canadian cities, abounding government-run accessory schools are alleged "collegiates" or "collegiate institutes" (C.I.), a complicated anatomy of the chat "college" which avoids the accepted "post-secondary" connotation. This is because these accessory schools acquire frequently focused on academic, rather than vocational, capacity and adeptness levels (for example, collegiates offered Latin while abstruse schools offered abstruse courses). Some clandestine accessory schools (such as Upper Canada College, Vancouver College) accept to use the chat "college" in their names nevertheless.[7] Some accessory schools abroad in the country, decidedly ones aural the abstracted academy system, may additionally use the chat "college" or "collegiate" in their names.[8]

In New Zealand the chat "college" frequently refers to a accessory academy for ages 13 to 17 and "college" appears as allotment of the name abnormally of clandestine or chip schools. "Colleges" best frequently arise in the North Island, admitting "high schools" are added accepted in the South Island.

In the Netherlands, "college" is agnate to HBO (Higher able education). It is aggressive appear able training with bright anatomic outlook, clashing universities which are scientifically oriented.[9]
St John's College, Johannesburg, a boys' academy in South Africa.

In South Africa, some accessory schools, abnormally clandestine schools on the English attainable academy model, acquire "college" in their title. Appropriately no beneath than six of South Africa's Aristocratic Seven aerial schools alarm themselves "college" and fit this description. A archetypal archetype of this chic would be St John's College.

Private schools that specialize in convalescent children's marks through accelerated focus on assay needs are artlessly alleged "cram-colleges".

In Sri Lanka the chat "college" (known as Vidyalaya in Sinhala) frequently refers to a accessory school, which usually signifies aloft the 5th standard. During the British colonial aeon a bound cardinal of absolute accessory schools were accustomed based on English attainable academy archetypal (Royal Academy Colombo, S. Thomas' College, Mount Lavinia, Trinity College, Kandy) these alternating with several Catholic schools (St. Joseph's College, Colombo, St Anthony's College) frequently backpack their name as colleges. Afterward the alpha of chargeless apprenticeship in 1931 ample accumulation of axial colleges were accustomed to brainwash the rural masses. Aback Sri Lanka acquired Independence in 1948, abounding schools that acquire been accustomed acquire been alleged as "college".[citation needed]
Other
Royal Academy Colombo, a boys' academy amid in Colombo, Sri Lanka.

As able-bodied as an educational institution, the appellation can additionally refer, afterward its etymology, to any bookish accumulation of colleagues set up beneath statute or regulation; about beneath a Royal Charter. Examples are an balloter college, the Academy of Arms, a academy of canons, and the Academy of Cardinals. Added bookish bodies accommodate able associations, decidedly in anesthetic and affiliated professions. In the UK these accommodate the Royal Academy of Nursing and the Royal Academy of Physicians. Examples in the Affiliated States accommodate the American Academy of Physicians, the American Academy of Surgeons, and the American Academy of Dentists. An archetype in Australia is the Royal Australian Academy of Accepted Practitioners.
College by country
See also: Category:Higher apprenticeship by country
Australia

In Australia a academy may be an academy of tertiary apprenticeship that is abate than a university, run apart or as allotment of a university. Afterward a ameliorate in the 1980s abounding of the aforetime absolute colleges now accord to a beyond universities.

Referring to genitalia of a university, there are residential colleges which accommodate abode for students, both undergraduate and postgraduate, alleged university colleges. These colleges about accommodate added tutorial assistance, and some host apostolic study. Abounding colleges acquire able traditions and rituals, so are a aggregate of billet appearance adaptation and fraternity or abode culture.

Most abstruse and added apprenticeship institutions (TAFEs), which action affidavit and ascendancy abstruse courses, are styled "TAFE colleges" or "Colleges of TAFE".

Some chief aerial schools are additionally referred to as colleges.
Canada
   
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Main article: Academy (Canada)

In Canadian English, the appellation "college" usually refers to a trades school, activated arts/science/technology/business/health academy or association college. These are post-secondary institutions acceding certificates, diplomas, accessory degree, and in some cases bachelor's degrees. In Quebec, the appellation is hardly used; with the French acronym for attainable colleges, CEGEP (Collège d'enseignement général et professionnel, "college of accepted and able education") is added frequently used. CEGEP is a bookish affiliated institutions in Quebec, that a amateur about enrols in if they ambition to abide assimilate university in the Quebec apprenticeship system.[note 1], or to amateur a trade. In Ontario and Alberta, there are additionally institutions which are appointed university colleges, as they abandoned admission undergraduate degrees. This is to differentiate amid universities, which acquire both undergraduate and alum programs and those that do not.

In Canada, there is a able acumen amid "college" and "university". In conversation, one accurately would say either "they are activity to university" (i.e., belief for a three- or four-year amount at a university) or "they are activity to college" (i.e., belief at a technical/career training).[citation needed]
Usage in a university setting

The appellation academy additionally applies to audible entities that formally act as an affiliated academy of the university, formally referred to as amalgamated college, or affiliated colleges. A university may additionally formally accommodate several basal colleges, basal a bookish university. Examples of bookish universities in Canada accommodate Trent University, and the University of Toronto. These types of institutions act independently, advancement their own endowments, and properties. However, they abide either affiliated, or amalgamated with the overarching university, with the overarching university actuality the academy that formally grants the degrees. For example, Trinity Academy was already an absolute institution, but afterwards became amalgamated with the University of Toronto. Several centralized universities in Canada acquire mimicked the bookish university model; although basal colleges in a centralized university charcoal beneath the ascendancy of the axial administration. Centralized universities that acquire adopted the bookish archetypal to a amount includes the University of British Columbia, with Green Academy and St. John's College; and the Memorial University of Newfoundland, with Sir Wilfred Grenfell College.

Occasionally, "college" refers to a accountable specific adroitness aural a university that, while distinct, are neither amalgamated nor affiliated—College of Education, Academy of Medicine, Academy of Dentistry, Academy of Biological Science[10] amid others.

The Royal Aggressive Academy of Canada is a aggressive academy which trains admiral for the Canadian Armed Forces. The academy is a full-fledged university, with the ascendancy to affair alum degrees, although it continues to chat the appellation academy in its name. The institution's sister schools, Royal Aggressive Academy Saint-Jean additionally uses the appellation academy in its name, although it bookish alms is affiliated to a CEGEP academy in Quebec. A cardinal of post-secondary art schools in Canada aforetime acclimated the chat academy in their names, admitting formally actuality universities. However, best of these institutions were renamed, or re-branded in the aboriginal 21st century, abbreviating the chat academy from its name.
Usage in accessory education

The chat academy continues to be acclimated in the names attainable abstracted accessory schools in Ontario.[11] A cardinal of absolute schools beyond Canada additionally use the chat academy in its name.[12]

Public civil academy boards in Ontario additionally accredit to their accessory schools as bookish institutes. However, acceptance of the chat bookish convention varies amid academy boards. Bookish convention is the absolute name for accessory schools in Lakehead District Academy Board, and Toronto District Academy Board, although best academy boards in Ontario use bookish convention alongside aerial school, and accessory academy in the names of their institutions. Similarly, accessory schools in Regina, and Saskatoon are referred to as Collegiate.
Chile

In Chile, the appellation "college" is usually acclimated in the name of some bilingual schools, like Santiago College, Saint George's Academy etc. Aback 2009 the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile congenital academy as a bachelor's degree, it has a Bachelor of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, a Bachelor of Amusing Science and a Bachelor of Arts and Humanities. It has the aforementioned arrangement as the American universities, it combines majors and minors. And it let the acceptance abide a academy amount in the aforementioned university already finished.
Greece

Kollegio (in Greek Κολλέγιο) refers to the Centers of Post-Lyceum Apprenticeship (in Greek Κέντρο Μεταλυκειακής Εκπαίδευσης, abbreviated as KEME), which are principally clandestine and accord to the Greek post-secondary apprenticeship system. Some of them acquire links to EU or US academy apprenticeship institutions or accreditation organizations, such as the NEASC.[13] Kollegio (or Kollegia in plural) may additionally accredit to clandestine non-tertiary schools, such as the Athens College.
Hong Kong
See also: Apprenticeship in Hong Kong

In Hong Kong, the appellation 'college' is acclimated by tertiary institutions as either allotment of their names or to accredit to a basal allotment of the university, such as the colleges in the bookish The Chinese University of Hong Kong; or to a abode anteroom of a university, such as St. John's College, University of Hong Kong. Abounding earlier accessory schools acquire the appellation 'college' as allotment of their names.
India
See also: Colleges and institutes in India

The avant-garde arrangement of apprenticeship was heavily afflicted by the British starting in 1835.[14]

In India, the appellation "college" is frequently aloof for institutions that action aerial academy diplomas at year 12 ("Junior College", agnate to American aerial schools), and those that action the bachelor's degree; some colleges, however, action programmes up to PhD level. Generally, colleges are amid in altered genitalia of a accompaniment and all of them are affiliated to a bounded university. The colleges action programmes arch to degrees of that university. Colleges may be either Free or non-autonomous. Free Colleges are empowered to authorize their own syllabus, and conduct and appraise their own examinations; in non-autonomous colleges, examinations are conducted by the university, at the aforementioned time for all colleges beneath its affiliation. There are several hundred universities and anniversary university has affiliated colleges, about a ample number.

The aboriginal avant-garde arts and sciences academy in India was "Cottayam College" or the "Syrian College",Kerala,in 1815. The Aboriginal inter linguistic residential apprenticeship academy in Asia was started at this College. At present it is a Apostolic seminary which is bargain accepted as Orthodox Apostolic Seminary or Old Seminary. Afterwards that, CMS College, Kottayam,established in 1817, and the Presidency College, Kolkata, additionally 1817, initially accepted as Hindu College. The aboriginal academy for the abstraction of Christian canon and all-comprehensive enquiry was Serampore Academy (1818). The aboriginal Missionary academy to admit Western appearance apprenticeship in India was the Scottish Abbey College, Calcutta (1830). The aboriginal business and economics academy in India was Sydenham College, Mumbai (1913).
Ireland
See also: Third-level apprenticeship in the Republic of Ireland
Parliament Square, Trinity College, Dublin in Ireland.

In Ireland the appellation "college" is frequently acclimated to alarm an academy of tertiary education. University acceptance about say they appear "college" rather than "university". Until 1989, no university provided teaching or analysis directly; they were formally offered by a basal academy of the university.

There are cardinal of accessory apprenticeship institutions that frequently acclimated the chat "college" in their names: these are either older, clandestine schools (such as Belvedere College, Gonzaga College, Castleknock College, and St. Michael's College) or what were aforetime a accurate affectionate of accessory school. These accessory schools, aforetime accepted as "technical colleges," were renamed "community colleges," but abide accessory schools.

The country's abandoned age-old university is the University of Dublin. Created during the administering of Elizabeth I, it is modelled on the bookish universities of Cambridge and Oxford. However, abandoned one basal academy was anytime founded, appropriately the analytical position of Trinity Academy Dublin today; although both are usually advised one and the same, the university and academy are absolutely audible accumulated entities with abstracted and alongside administering structures.

Among added avant-garde foundations, the Civic University of Ireland, founded in 1908, consisted of basal colleges and recognised colleges until 1997. The aloft are now referred to as basal universities – institutions that are about universities in their own right. The Civic University can trace its actuality aback to 1850 and the conception of the Queen's University of Ireland and the conception of the Catholic University of Ireland in 1854. From 1880, the amount application roles of these two universities was taken over by the Royal University of Ireland, which remained until the conception of the Civic University in 1908 and Queen's University Belfast.

The state's two new universities, Dublin Burghal University and University of Limerick, were initially Civic Convention for Academy Apprenticeship institutions. These institutions offered university affiliated bookish degrees and analysis from the alpha of their actuality and were awarded university cachet in 1989 in acceptance of this.

Third affiliated abstruse apprenticeship in the accompaniment has been agitated out in the Institutes of Technology, which were accustomed from the 1970s as Bounded Abstruse Colleges. These institutions acquire delegated ascendancy which entitles them to accord degrees and diplomas from Quality and Abilities Ireland (QQI) in their own names.

A cardinal of clandestine colleges abide such as Dublin Business School, accouterment undergraduate and postgraduate courses accurate by QQI and in some cases by added universities.

Other types of academy accommodate colleges of education, such as the Abbey of Ireland Academy of Education. These are specialist institutions, about affiliated to a university, which accommodate both undergraduate and postgraduate bookish degrees for bodies who appetite to alternation as teachers.

A cardinal of state-funded added apprenticeship colleges abide – which action abstruse apprenticeship and training in a ambit of areas from business studies and advice and communications technology to sports abrasion therapy. These courses are usually one, two or beneath about three years in continuance and are accurate by QQI at Levels 5 or 6, or for the BTEC Academy Civic Ascendancy award, which is a Affiliated 6/7 qualification, accurate by Edexcel. There are abundant clandestine colleges (particularly in Dublin and Limerick)[citation needed] which action both added and academy apprenticeship qualifications. These degrees and diplomas are about certified by adopted universities/international application bodies and are accumbent to the Civic Framework of Abilities at Levels 6, 7 and 8.
Israel
Main article: List of universities and colleges in Israel § Colleges
ORT Braude Academy of Engineering

In Israel, any non university higher-learning ability is alleged a college. Institutions accepted by the Council for Academy Apprenticeship in Israel (CHE) to advise a bachelor's amount are alleged "Academic Colleges".[15] These colleges (at atomic 4 for 2012) may additionally action master's degrees and act as Analysis facilities. There are additionally over twenty abecedary training colleges or seminaries, best of which may accolade abandoned a Bachelor of Apprenticeship (B.Ed.) degree.

    Bookish colleges: Any educational ability that had been accustomed to action at atomic bachelor's amount is advantaged by CHE to use the appellation bookish academy in its name.[16]
    Engineering bookish college: Any bookish ability that action at atomic bachelor's amount and best of it commonsense are accouterment an Engineering amount and Engineering license.
    Educational bookish college: Afterwards an educational ability that had been accustomed for "Teachers seminar" cachet is again accustomed to accommodate a Bachelor of Education, its name is afflicted to accommodate "Educational Bookish college."
    Abstruse college: A "Technical college"[17] is an educational ability that is accustomed to acquiesce to accommodate P.E degree[18] (14'th class) or artisan (טכנאי) (13'th class) ascendancy and licenses.
    Training College: A "Training College"[19] is an educational ability that provides basal training acceptance a actuality to accept a alive admittance in a acreage such as accession medicine, cooking, Art, Mechanical, Electrical and added professions. A abecedarian could accept the appropriate to assignment in assertive professions as amateur (j. mechanic, j. Electrician etc.). Afterwards alive in the training acreage for abundant time an amateur could acquire a authorization to accomplish (Mechanic, Electrician[20]). This educational ability is mostly acclimated to accommodate basal training for low tech jobs and for job seekers afterwards any training that are provided by the nation's Employment Service (שירות התעסוקה).

Macau

Following the Portuguese usage, the appellation "college" (colégio) in Macau has frequently been acclimated in the names for clandestine (and non-governmental) pre-university educational institutions, which accord to anatomy one to anatomy six affiliated tiers. Such schools are usually run by the Roman Catholic abbey or missionaries in Macau. Examples accommodate Chan Sui Ki Perpetual Advice College, Yuet Wah College, and Sacred Heart Canossian College.
Netherlands
Main article: Apprenticeship in the Netherlands

In the Netherlands there are 3 capital educational routes afterwards aerial school.

    MBO (middle-level activated education), which is the agnate of inferior college. Designed to adapt acceptance for either accomplished trades and abstruse occupations and workers in abutment roles in professions such as engineering, accountancy, business administration, nursing, medicine, architecture, and criminology or for added apprenticeship at accession academy with added avant-garde bookish material.[21]
    HBO (higher able education), which is the agnate of academy and has a able orientation. Afterwards HBO (typically 4–6 years), pupils can accept in a (professional) master's affairs (1–2 years) or access the job market. The HBO is accomplished in abstruse universities (hogescholen), of which there are over 40 in the Netherlands, anniversary of which offers a ample array of programs, with the barring of some that specialize in arts or agriculture. Agenda that the hogescholen are not accustomed to name themselves university in Dutch. This additionally stretches to English and accordingly HBO institutions are accepted as universities of activated sciences.[22]
    WO (Scientific education), which is the agnate to university affiliated apprenticeship and has an bookish orientation.[23]

HBO graduates can be awarded two titles, which are Baccalaureus (bc.) and Ingenieur (ing.). At a WO institution, abounding added bachelor's and master's titles can be awarded. Bachelor's degrees: Bachelor of Arts (BA), Bachelor of Science (BSc) and Bachelor of Laws (LLB). Master's degrees: Adept of Arts (MA), Adept of Laws (LLM) and Adept of Science (MSc). The PhD appellation is a analysis amount awarded aloft achievement and aegis of a doctoral thesis.[24]
New Zealand
The University of Otago in New Zealand.

The basal colleges of the aloft University of New Zealand (such as Canterbury University College) acquire become absolute universities. Some halls of abode associated with New Zealand universities absorb the name of "college", decidedly at the University of Otago (which although brought beneath the awning of the University of New Zealand, already bedevilled university cachet and amount application powers). The institutions aforetime accepted as "Teacher-training colleges" now appearance themselves "College of education".

Some universities, such as the University of Canterbury, acquire disconnected their university into basal authoritative "Colleges" – the Academy of Arts absolute departments that advise Arts, Humanities and Amusing Sciences, Academy of Science absolute Science departments, and so on. This is abundantly modelled on the Cambridge model, discussed above.

Like the Affiliated Kingdom some able bodies in New Zealand appearance themselves as "colleges", for example, the Royal Australasian Academy of Surgeons, the Royal Australasian Academy of Physicians.

In some genitalia of the country, accessory academy is about referred to as academy and the appellation is acclimated interchangeably with aerial school. This sometimes confuses bodies from added genitalia of New Zealand. But in all genitalia of the country abounding accessory schools acquire "College" in their name, such as Rangitoto College, New Zealand's better secondary.
Philippines
Main article: Academy apprenticeship in the Philippines

In the Philippines, colleges usually accredit to institutions of acquirements that admission degrees but whose bookish fields are not as assorted as that of a university (University of Santo Tomas, University of the Philippines, Ateneo de Manila University, De La Salle University, Far Eastern University, and AMA University), such as the San Beda Academy which specializes in law, AMA Computer Academy whose campuses are advance all over the Philippines which specializes in advice and accretion technologies, and the Mapúa Convention of Technology which specializes in engineering, or to basal units aural universities that do not admission degrees but rather facilitate the apprenticeship of a accurate field, such as a Academy of Science and Academy of Engineering, amid abounding added colleges of the University of the Philippines.

A accompaniment academy may not acquire the chat "college" on its name, but may acquire several basal colleges, or departments. Thus, the Eulogio Amang Rodriguez Convention of Science and Technology is a accompaniment academy by classification.

Usually, the appellation "college" is additionally anticipation of as a hierarchical bound amid the appellation "university", and absolutely a cardinal of colleges seek to be accustomed as universities as a assurance of advance in bookish standards (Colegio de San Juan de Letran, San Beda College), and access in the assortment of the offered amount programs (called "courses"). For clandestine colleges, this may be done through a analysis and appraisal by the Commission on Academy Apprenticeship and accrediting organizations, as was the case of Urios Academy which is now the Fr. Saturnino Urios University. For accompaniment colleges, it is usually done by a legislation by the Congress or Senate. In accepted usage, "going to college" artlessly agency accessory academy for an undergraduate degree, whether it's from an academy accustomed as a academy or a university.

When it comes to apropos to the affiliated of education, academy is the appellation added acclimated to be alike to tertiary or academy education. A amateur who is or has advised his/her undergraduate amount at either an academy with academy or university in its name is advised to be activity to or acquire gone to college.
Portugal
Main article: Apprenticeship in Portugal

Presently in Portugal, the appellation colégio (college) is frequently acclimated as a all-encompassing advertence to a clandestine (non-government) academy that provides from basal to accessory education. Abounding of the clandestine schools accommodate the appellation colégio in their name. Some appropriate attainable schools – usually of the boarding academy blazon – additionally accommodate the appellation in their name, with a notable archetype actuality the Colégio Militar (Military College). The appellation colégio interno (literally "internal college") is acclimated accurately as a all-encompassing advertence to a boarding school.

Until the 19th century, a colégio was usually a accessory or pre-university school, of attainable or religious nature, area the acceptance usually lived together. A archetypal for these colleges was the Royal Academy of Arts and Humanities, founded in Coimbra by King John III of Portugal in 1542.
Singapore

The appellation "college" in Singapore is about abandoned acclimated for pre-university educational institutions alleged "Junior Colleges", which accommodate the final two years of accessory apprenticeship (equivalent to sixth anatomy in British agreement or grades 11–12 in the American system). Aback 1 January 2005, the appellation additionally refers to the three campuses of the Convention of Abstruse Apprenticeship with the accession of the "collegiate system", in which the three institutions are alleged ITE Academy East, ITE Academy Central, and ITE Academy West respectively.

The appellation "university" is acclimated to alarm higher-education institutions alms locally conferred degrees. Institutions alms diplomas are alleged "polytechnics", while added institutions are about referred to as "institutes" and so forth.
South Africa

Although the appellation "college" is hardly acclimated in any ambience at any university in South Africa, some non-university tertiary institutions alarm themselves colleges. These accommodate abecedary training colleges, business colleges and wildlife administration colleges. See: List of universities in South Africa#Private colleges and universities; List of column accessory institutions in South Africa.
Sri Lanka

There are several able and abstruse institutions that action post-secondary apprenticeship afterwards acceding degrees that are referred to as "colleges". This includes the Sri Lanka Law College, the abounding Abstruse Colleges and Teaching Colleges.
United Kingdom
Birkbeck, University of London
Secondary apprenticeship and added education

Further apprenticeship (FE) colleges and sixth anatomy colleges are institutions accouterment added apprenticeship to acceptance over 16. Some of these additionally accommodate academy apprenticeship courses (see below).[25] In the ambience of accessory education, 'college' is acclimated in the names of some clandestine schools, e.g. Eton Academy and Winchester College.
Higher education
See also: Colleges aural universities in the Affiliated Kingdom, Residential college, and University academy § Affiliated Kingdom

In academy education, a academy is frequently a provider that does not authority university status, although it can additionally accredit to a basal allotment of a bookish or federal university or a alignment of bookish commonsense or departments aural a university. Frequently the acumen amid colleges and universities was that colleges did not accolade degrees while universities did, but this is no best the case with NCG accepting acquired accomplished amount application admiral (the aforementioned as some universities) on account of its colleges,[26] and abounding of the colleges of the University of London captivation abounding amount application admiral and actuality finer universities. Best colleges, however, do not authority their own amount application admiral and abide to action academy apprenticeship courses that are accurate by universities or added institutions that can accolade degrees.

In England, as of August 2016, over 60% of the academy apprenticeship providers anon adjourned by HEFCE (208/340) are sixth-form or added apprenticeship colleges, about termed colleges of added and academy education, alternating with 17 colleges of the University of London, one university college, 100 universities, and 14 added providers (six of which use 'college' in their name). Overall, this agency over two thirds of state-supported academy apprenticeship providers in England are colleges of one anatomy or another.[27][28] Abounding clandestine providers are additionally alleged colleges, e.g. the New Academy of the Humanities and St Patrick's College, London.

Colleges aural universities alter badly in their responsibilities. The ample basal colleges of the University of London are finer universities in their own right; colleges in some universities, including those of the University of the Arts London and abate colleges of the University of London, run their own amount courses but do not accolade degrees; those at the University of Roehampton accommodate adaptation and pastoral affliction as able-bodied as carrying the teaching on university courses; those at Oxford and Cambridge bear some teaching on university courses as able-bodied as accouterment adaptation and pastoral care; and those in Durham, Kent, Lancaster and York accommodate adaptation and pastoral affliction but do not frequently participate in bookish teaching. The acknowledged cachet of these colleges additionally varies widely, with University of London colleges actuality absolute corporations and recognised bodies, Oxbridge colleges, colleges of the University of the Highlands and Islands (UHI) and some Durham colleges actuality absolute corporations and listed bodies, best Durham colleges actuality endemic by the university but still listed bodies, and those of added bookish universities not accepting bookish recognition. Aback applying for undergraduate courses through UCAS, University of London colleges are advised as absolute providers, colleges of Oxford, Cambridge, Durham and UHI are advised as locations aural the universities that can be alleged by allegorical a 'campus code' in accession to selecting the university, and colleges of added universities are not recognised.[29][30][31][32][33]

The UHI and the University of Wales Trinity Saint David (UWTSD) both accommodate added apprenticeship colleges. However, while the UHI colleges accommodate FE and HE provision, UWTSD maintains a break amid the university campuses (Lampeter, Carmarthen and Swansea) and the two colleges (Coleg Sir Gâr and Coleg Ceredigion; n.b. coleg is Welsh for college), which although allotment of the aforementioned accumulation are advised as abstracted institutions rather than colleges aural the university.[34][35]

A university academy is an absolute academy with the ability to accolade accomplished degrees, but which has not been accepted university status. University Academy is a adequate appellation that can abandoned be acclimated with permission, although agenda that University Academy London, University College, Oxford and University College, Durham are colleges aural their corresponding universities and not university colleges (in the case of UCL captivation abounding amount application admiral that set it aloft a university college), while University Academy Birmingham is a university in its own appropriate and additionally not a university college.
United States
City Academy of New York
Main article: Academy apprenticeship in the Affiliated States
See also: Association academy § Affiliated States

In the Affiliated States, there are over 7021 colleges and universities.[36] A "college" in the US formally denotes a basal allotment of a university, but in accepted usage, the chat "college" is the all-encompassing appellation for any post-secondary undergraduate education. Americans "go to college" afterwards aerial school, behindhand of whether the specific academy is formally a academy or a university. Some acceptance accept to dual-enroll, by demography academy classes while still in aerial school. The chat and its derivatives are the accepted agreement acclimated to alarm the institutions and adventures associated with American post-secondary undergraduate education.

Students charge pay for academy afore demography classes. Some borrow the money via loans, and some acceptance armamentarium their educations with cash, scholarships, grants, or some aggregate of these acquittal methods. In 2011, the accompaniment or federal government subsidized $8,000 to $100,000 for anniversary undergraduate degree. For state-owned schools (called "public" universities), the subsidy was accustomed to the college, with the amateur benefiting from lower tuition.[37][38] The accompaniment subsidized on boilerplate 50% of attainable university tuition.[39]
Saint Anselm College

Colleges alter in agreement of size, degree, and breadth of stay. Two-year colleges, additionally accepted as inferior or association colleges, usually action an accessory degree, and four-year colleges usually action a bachelor's degree. Often, these are absolutely undergraduate institutions, although some acquire alum academy programs.

Four-year institutions in the U.S. that accent a avant-garde arts class are accepted as avant-garde arts colleges. Until the 20th century, avant-garde arts, law, medicine, theology, and divinity were about the abandoned anatomy of academy apprenticeship attainable in the Affiliated States.[40] These schools acquire frequently emphasized apprenticeship at the undergraduate level, although avant-garde analysis may still action at these institutions.
Bowdoin College

While there is no civic accepted in the Affiliated States, the appellation "university" primarily designates institutions that accommodate undergraduate and alum education. A university about has as its amount and its better centralized analysis an undergraduate academy teaching a avant-garde arts curriculum, additionally culminating in a bachelor's degree. What about distinguishes a university is having, in addition, one or added alum schools affianced in both teaching alum classes and in research. About these would be alleged a Academy of Law or Academy of Medicine, (but may additionally be alleged a academy of law, or a adroitness of law). An barring is Vincennes University, Indiana, which is styled and accountant as a "university" alike admitting about all of its bookish programs advance abandoned to two-year accessory degrees. Some institutions, such as Dartmouth Academy and The Academy of William & Mary, acquire retained the appellation "college" in their names for actual reasons. In one altered case, Boston Academy and Boston University, the aloft amid in Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts and the closing amid in Boston, Massachusetts, are absolutely abstracted institutions.

Usage of the agreement varies amid the states. In 1996, for example, Georgia afflicted all of its four-year institutions ahead appointed as colleges to universities, and all of its abstruse technology schools to abstruse colleges.
Pomona College

The agreement "university" and "college" do not bankrupt all attainable titles for an American academy of academy education. Added options accommodate "institute" (Worcester Polytechnic Institute) and (Massachusetts Convention of Technology), "academy" (United States Aggressive Academy), "union" (Cooper Union), "conservatory" (New England Conservatory), and "school" (Juilliard School). In chatty use, they are still referred to as "college" aback apropos to their undergraduate studies.

The appellation academy is also, as in the Affiliated Kingdom, acclimated for a basal semi-autonomous allotment of a beyond university but about organized on bookish rather than residential lines. For example, at abounding institutions, the undergraduate allocation of the university can be briefly referred to as the academy (such as The Academy of the University of Chicago, Harvard Academy at Harvard, or Columbia Academy at Columbia) while at others, such as the University of California, Berkeley, anniversary of the commonsense may be alleged a "college" (the "college of engineering", the "college of nursing", and so forth). There abide added variants for actual reasons; for example, Duke University, which was alleged Trinity Academy until the 1920s, still calls its capital undergraduate subdivision Trinity Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Residential colleges
Scripps College

Some American universities, such as Princeton, Rice, and Yale acquire accustomed residential colleges (sometimes, as at Harvard, the aboriginal to authorize such a arrangement in the 1930s, accepted as houses) alternating the curve of Oxford or Cambridge.[41] Clashing the Oxbridge colleges, but analogously to Durham, these residential colleges are not free acknowledged entities nor are they about abundant complex in apprenticeship itself, actuality primarily anxious with room, board, and amusing life.[42] At the University of Michigan, University of California, San Diego and the University of California, Santa Cruz, however, anniversary of the residential colleges does advise its own amount autograph courses and has its own characteristic set of graduation requirements.

Many U.S. universities acquire placed added accent on their residential colleges in contempo years. This is exemplified by the conception of new colleges at Ivy League schools such as Yale University[43] and Princeton University,[44] and efforts to strengthen the accession of the residential colleges to amateur education, including through a 2016 taskforce at Princeton on residential colleges.[45]
Origin of the U.S. usage

The founders of the aboriginal institutions of academy apprenticeship in the Affiliated States were graduates of the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge. The baby institutions they founded would not acquire seemed to them like universities – they were tiny and did not action the academy degrees in anesthetic and theology. Furthermore, they were not composed of several baby colleges. Instead, the new institutions acquainted like the Oxford and Cambridge colleges they were acclimated to – baby communities, apartment and agronomics their students, with apprenticeship from residential advisers (as in the Affiliated Kingdom, declared above). Aback the aboriginal acceptance graduated, these "colleges" affected the appropriate to advise degrees aloft them, usually with authority—for example, The Academy of William & Mary has a Royal Allotment from the British absolution acceptance it to advise degrees while Dartmouth Academy has a allotment allowing it to accolade degrees "as are usually accepted in either of the universities, or any added academy in our branch of Great Britain."
Agnes Scott College

The leaders of Harvard Academy (which accepted America's aboriginal degrees in 1642) ability acquire anticipation of their academy as the aboriginal of abounding residential colleges that would abound up into a New Cambridge university. However, over time, few new colleges were founded there, and Harvard grew and added academy faculties. Eventually, it afflicted its appellation to university, but the appellation "college" had ashore and "colleges" acquire arisen beyond the Affiliated States.

In U.S. usage, the chat "college" embodies not abandoned a accurate blazon of school, but has historically been acclimated to accredit to the accepted abstraction of academy apprenticeship aback it is not all-important to specify a school, as in "going to college" or "college accumulation accounts" offered by banks.

In a analysis of added than 2,000 academy acceptance in 33 states and 156 altered campuses, the U.S. Attainable Interest Analysis Accumulation begin the boilerplate amateur spends as abundant as $1,200 anniversary year on textbooks and food alone. By comparison, the accumulation says that's the agnate of 39 percent of charge and fees at a association college, and 14 percent of charge and fees at a four-year attainable university.[46]
Morrill Land-Grant Act
SUNY Purchase College

In accession to clandestine colleges and universities, the U.S. additionally has a arrangement of government funded, attainable universities. Abounding were founded beneath the Morrill Land-Grant Colleges Act of 1862. A movement had arisen to accompany a anatomy of added applied academy apprenticeship to the masses, as "...many politicians and educators capital to accomplish it attainable for all adolescent Americans to accept some array of avant-garde education."[47] The Morrill Act "...made it attainable for the new western states to authorize colleges for the citizens."[47] Its ambition was to accomplish academy apprenticeship added calmly attainable to the citizenry of the country, accurately to advance agronomical systems by accouterment training and scholarship in the assembly and sales of agronomical products,[48] and to accommodate bookish apprenticeship in "...agriculture, home economics, automated arts, and added professions that seemed applied at the time."[47]

The act was eventually continued to acquiesce all states that had remained with the Union during the American Civil War, and eventually all states, to authorize such institutions. Best of the colleges accustomed beneath the Morrill Act acquire aback become abounding universities, and some are amid the aristocratic of the world.
Benefits of college

Selection of a four-year academy as compared to a two-year inferior college, alike by bordering acceptance such as those with a C+ brand boilerplate in aerial academy and SAT array in the mid 800s, increases the anticipation of graduation and confers abundant bread-and-butter and amusing benefits.[49][50][51]
Zimbabwe
The appellation academy is mainly acclimated by clandestine or absolute accessory schools with Avant-garde Affiliated (Upper 6th formers) and additionally Polytechnic Colleges which advise diplomas only. A amateur can complete accessory apprenticeship (International Accepted Affidavit of Accessory Education, IGCSE) at 16 years and advance beeline to a poly-technical academy or they can advance to Avant-garde affiliated (16 to 19 years) and access a Accepted Affidavit of Apprenticeship (GCE) affidavit which enables them to enrol at a university, provided they acquire acceptable grades. Alternatively, with lower grades the GCE affidavit holders will acquire an added advantage over their GCSE counterparts if they accept to enrol at a poly-technical college. Some schools in Zimbabwe accept to action the International Baccalaureate studies as an accession to the IGCSE and GCE.