Microsoft word:

Microsoft word:

A kind information to readers. please correct that "Chat" should be replaced be with "Word".

    [7]Microsoft Chat is a chat processor developed by Microsoft. It was aboriginal appear on October 25, 1983[8] beneath the name Multi-Tool Chat for Xenix systems.[9][10][11] Consecutive versions were afterwards accounting for several added platforms including IBM PCs alive DOS (1983), Apple Macintosh alive the Archetypal Mac OS (1985), AT&T Unix PC (1985), Atari ST (1988), OS/2 (1989), Microsoft Windows (1989), SCO Unix (1994), and macOS (formerly OS X; 2001).

Commercial versions of Chat are accountant as a standalone artefact or as a basal of Microsoft Office, Windows RT or the discontinued Microsoft Works suite.

History of Microsoft word:

Origins

In 1981, Microsoft assassin Charles Simonyi, the primary developer of Bravo, the aboriginal GUI chat processor, which was developed at Xerox PARC.[12] Simonyi started assignment on a chat processor alleged Multi-Tool Chat and anon assassin Richard Brodie, a aloft Xerox intern, who became the primary software engineer.[12][13][14]

Microsoft appear Multi-Tool Chat for Xenix[12] and MS-DOS in 1983.[15] Its name was anon simplified to Microsoft Word.[9] Chargeless affirmation copies of the appliance were arranged with the November 1983 affair of PC World, authoritative it the aboriginal to be broadcast on-disk with a magazine.[9][16] That year Microsoft approved Chat alive on Windows.[17]

Unlike best MS-DOS programs at the time, Microsoft Chat was advised to be acclimated with a mouse.[15] Advertisements depicted the Microsoft Mouse, and declared Chat as a WYSIWYG, windowed chat processor with the adeptness to disengage and affectation bold, italic, and accent text,[18] although it could not cede fonts.[9] It was not initially popular, back its user interface was altered from the arch chat processor at the time, WordStar.[19] However, Microsoft steadily bigger the product, absolution versions 2.0 through 5.0 over the abutting six years. In 1985, Microsoft ported Chat to the archetypal Mac OS (known as Macintosh Arrangement Software at the time). This was fabricated easier by Chat for DOS accepting been advised for use with high-resolution displays and laser printers, alike admitting none were yet attainable to the accepted public.[20] It was additionally notable for its absolute fast cut-and-paste action and absolute cardinal of disengage operations, which are due to its acceptance of the allotment table abstracts structure[21].

Following the precedents of LisaWrite and MacWrite, Chat for Mac OS added accurate WYSIWYG features. It accomplished a charge for a chat processor that was added able than MacWrite.[22] Afterwards its release, Chat for Mac OS's sales were college than its MS-DOS analogue for at atomic four years.[12]

The additional absolution of Chat for Mac OS, alien in 1987, was alleged Chat 3.0 to accord its adaptation cardinal with Chat for DOS; this was Microsoft's aboriginal advance to accord adaptation numbers beyond platforms. Chat 3.0 included abundant centralized enhancements and new features, including the aboriginal accomplishing of the Rich Argument Architecture (RTF) specification, but was bedeviled with bugs. Aural a few months, Chat 3.0 was abolished by a added abiding Chat 3.01, which was mailed chargeless to all registered users of 3.0.[20] Afterwards MacWrite Pro was discontinued in the mid-1990s, Chat for Mac OS never had any austere rivals. Chat 5.1 for Mac OS, appear in 1992, was a absolute accepted chat processor attributable to its elegance, about affluence of use and affection set. Abounding users say it is the best adaptation of Chat for Mac OS anytime created.[20][23]

In 1986, an acceding amid Atari and Microsoft brought Chat to the Atari ST[24] beneath the name Microsoft Write. The Atari ST adaptation was a anchorage of Chat 1.05 for the Mac OS[25][26] and was never updated.

The aboriginal adaptation of Chat for Windows was appear in 1989. With the absolution of Windows 3.0 the after year, sales began to aces up and Microsoft anon became the bazaar baton for chat processors for IBM PC-compatible computers.[12] In 1991, Microsoft capitalized on Chat for Windows' accretion acceptance by absolution a adaptation of Chat for DOS, adaptation 5.5, that replaced its altered user interface with an interface agnate to a Windows application.[27][28] Back Microsoft became acquainted of the Year 2000 problem, it fabricated Microsoft Chat 5.5 for DOS attainable for download free. As of July 2018, it is still attainable for download from Microsoft's web site.[29] In 1991, Microsoft boarded on a activity code-named Pyramid to absolutely carbon Microsoft Chat from the arena up. Both the Windows and Mac OS versions would alpha from the aforementioned cipher base. It was alone back it was bent that it would booty the development aggregation too connected to carbon and afresh bolt up with all the new capabilities that could accept been added at the aforementioned time afterwards a rewrite. Instead, the abutting versions of Chat for Windows and Mac OS, dubbed adaptation 6.0, both started from the cipher abject of Chat for Windows 2.0.[23]

With the absolution of Chat 6.0 in 1993, Microsoft afresh attempted to accord the adaptation numbers and alike artefact allotment beyond platforms, this time beyond DOS, Mac OS, and Windows (this was the aftermost adaptation of Chat for DOS). It alien AutoCorrect, which automatically anchored assertive accounting errors, and AutoFormat, which could reformat abounding genitalia of a certificate at once. While the Windows adaptation accustomed favorable reviews (e.g., from InfoWorld[30]), the Mac OS adaptation was broadly derided. Abounding accused it of actuality slow, clumsy and anamnesis intensive, and its user interface differed decidedly from Chat 5.1.[23] In acknowledgment to user requests, Microsoft offered Chat 5 again, afterwards it had been discontinued.[31] Consecutive versions of Chat for macOS are no best absolute ports of Chat for Windows, instead featuring a admixture of ported cipher and built-in code.

Word for Windows

Word for Windows is attainable stand-alone or as allotment of the Microsoft Office suite. Chat contains abecedarian desktop publishing capabilities and is the best broadly acclimated chat processing affairs on the market. Chat files are frequently acclimated as the architecture for sending argument abstracts via e-mail because about every user with a computer can apprehend a Chat certificate by appliance the Chat application, a Chat eyewitness or a chat processor that imports the Chat architecture (see Microsoft Chat Viewer).

Word 6 for Windows NT was the aboriginal 32-bit adaptation of the product,[32] appear with Microsoft Office for Windows NT about the aforementioned time as Windows 95. It was a aboveboard anchorage of Chat 6.0. Starting with Chat 95, releases of Chat were alleged afterwards the year of its release, instead of its adaptation number.[33]

Word 2010 allows added customization of the Ribbon,[34] adds a Backstage appearance for book management,[35] has bigger certificate navigation, allows conception and embedding of screenshots,[36] and integrates with Chat Web App.[37]

Word 2019 added the Dictate function.

Word for Mac

See also: Microsoft Office § Mac versions

The Mac was alien January 24, 1984, and Microsoft alien Chat 1.0 for Mac a year later, on January 18, 1985. The DOS, Mac, and Windows versions are absolutely altered from anniversary other. Alone the Mac adaptation was WYSIWYG and acclimated a graphical user interface, far avant-garde of the added platforms. Anniversary belvedere restarted its adaptation calculation at "1.0" (https://winworldpc.com/product/microsoft-word/1x-mac). There was no adaptation 2 on the Mac, but adaptation 3 came out on January 31, 1987, as declared above. Chat 4.0 came out on November 6, 1990, and added automatic bond with Excel, the adeptness to breeze argument about cartoon and a WYSIWYG folio appearance alteration mode. Chat 5.1 for Mac, appear in 1992 ran on the aboriginal 68000 CPU and was the aftermost to be accurately advised as a Macintosh application. The afterwards Chat 6 was a Windows anchorage and ailing received. Chat 5.1 connected to run able-bodied until the aftermost Archetypal MacOS. Abounding bodies abide to run Chat 5.1 to this day beneath an emulated Mac archetypal arrangement for some of its accomplished appearance like certificate bearing and renumbering or to admission their old files.

Microsoft Chat 2011 alive on OS X

In 1997, Microsoft formed the Macintosh Business Unit as an absolute accumulation aural Microsoft focused on autograph software for Mac OS. Its aboriginal adaptation of Word, Chat 98, was appear with Office 98 Macintosh Edition. Certificate affinity accomplished adequation with Chat 97,[31] and it included appearance from Chat 97 for Windows, including spell and grammar blockage with squiggles.[38] Users could accept the airheaded and keyboard shortcuts to be agnate to either Chat 97 for Windows or Chat 5 for Mac OS.

Word 2001, appear in 2000, added a few new features, including the Office Clipboard, which accustomed users to archetype and adhesive assorted items.[39] It was the aftermost adaptation to run on archetypal Mac OS and, on Mac OS X, it could alone run aural the Archetypal Environment. Chat X, appear in 2001, was the aboriginal adaptation to run natively on, and required, Mac OS X,[38] and alien non-contiguous argument selection.[40]

Word 2004 was appear in May 2004. It included a new Notebook Blueprint appearance for demography addendum either by accounting or by voice.[41] Added features, such as tracking changes, were fabricated added agnate with Office for Windows.[42]

Word 2008, appear on January 15, 2008, included a Ribbon-like feature, alleged the Elements Gallery, that can be acclimated to baddest folio layouts and admit custom diagrams and images. It additionally included a new appearance focused on publishing layout, chip bibliography management,[43] and built-in abutment for the new Office Attainable XML format. It was the aboriginal adaptation to run natively on Intel-based Macs.[44]

Word 2011, appear in October 2010, replaced the Elements Gallery in favor of a Ribbon user interface that is abundant added agnate to Office for Windows,[45] and includes a full-screen access that allows users to focus on account and autograph documents, and abutment for Office Web Apps.[46]

Word for Mobile

Word Mobile is a chat processor that allows creating and alteration documents. It supports basal formatting, such as bolding, alteration chantry size, and alteration colors (from red, yellow, or green). It can add comments, but can't adapt abstracts with tracked changes. It can't attainable countersign adequate documents, change the typeface, argument alignment, or appearance (normal, branch 1); actualize bulleted lists; admit pictures; or undo.[47][48][49] Chat Mobile is neither able to affectation nor admit footnotes, endnotes, folio headers, folio footers, folio breaks, assertive angle of lists, and assertive fonts while alive on a document, but retains them if the aboriginal certificate has them.[50] In accession to the appearance of the 2013 version, the 2007 adaptation on Windows Mobile additionally has the adeptness to save abstracts in the Rich Argument Architecture and attainable bequest PSW (Pocket Word).[50] Furthermore, it includes a spell checker, chat calculation tool, and a "Find and Replace" command. In 2015, Chat Mobile became attainable for Windows 10 and Windows 10 Mobile on Windows Store.[51]

Templates

Several afterwards versions of Chat accommodate the adeptness for users to actualize their own formatting templates, acceptance them to ascertain a book in which the title, heading, paragraph, and added aspect designs alter from the accepted Chat templates.[81] Users can acquisition how to do this beneath the Help area amid abreast the top appropriate bend (Word 2013 on Windows 8).

For example, Normal.dot is the adept arrangement from which all Chat abstracts are created. It determines the allowance defaults as able-bodied as the blueprint of the argument and chantry defaults. Although normal.dot is already set with assertive defaults, the user can change normal.dot to new defaults. This will change added abstracts which were created appliance the template, usually in abrupt ways.[82]

Image formats

Word can acceptation and affectation images in accepted bitmap formats such as JPG and GIF. It can additionally be acclimated to actualize and affectation simple line-art. Microsoft Chat added support[83] for the accepted SVG agent angel architecture in 2017 for Office 365 ProPlus subscribers and this functionality was additionally included in the Office 2019 release.

WordArt

Main article: WordArt

An archetype angel created with WordArt

WordArt enables cartoon argument in a Microsoft Chat certificate such as a title, watermark, or added text, with graphical furnishings such as skewing, shadowing, rotating, addition in a array of shapes and colors and alike including three-dimensional effects. Users can administer formatting furnishings such as shadow, bevel, glow, and absorption to their certificate argument as calmly as applying adventurous or underline. Users can additionally spell-check argument that uses beheld effects, and add argument furnishings to branch styles.

Macros

A Macro is a aphorism of arrangement that specifies how a assertive ascribe arrangement (often a arrangement of characters) should be mapped to an achievement arrangement according to a authentic process. Frequently acclimated or repetitive sequences of keystrokes and abrasion movements can be automated. Like added Microsoft Office documents, Chat files can accommodate avant-garde macros and alike anchored programs. The accent was originally WordBasic, but afflicted to Beheld Basal for Applications as of Chat 97.

This all-encompassing functionality can additionally be acclimated to run and bear bacilli in documents. The addiction for bodies to barter Chat abstracts via email, USB beam drives, and billowing disks fabricated this an abnormally adorable agent in 1999. A arresting archetype was the Melissa virus, but endless others accept existed.

These macro bacilli were the alone accepted cross-platform threats amid Windows and Macintosh computers and they were the alone infection vectors to affect any macOS arrangement up until the appearance of video codec trojans in 2007. Microsoft appear patches for Chat X and Chat 2004 that finer alone the macro botheration on the Mac by 2006.

Word's macro aegis setting, which regulates back macros may execute, can be adapted by the user, but in the best contempo versions of Word, it is set to HIGH by default, about abbreviation the accident from macro-based viruses, which accept become uncommon.

Layout issues

Before Chat 2010 (Word 14) for Windows, the affairs was clumsy to accurately handle ligatures authentic in OpenType fonts.[84] Those band glyphs with Unicode codepoints may be amid manually, but are not accustomed by Chat for what they are, breaking spell checking, while custom ligatures present in the chantry are not attainable at all. Back Chat 2010, the affairs now has avant-garde book appearance which can be enabled:[85] OpenType ligatures,[86] kerning, and hyphenation (previous versions already had the closing two features). Added blueprint deficiencies of Chat accommodate the disability to set crop marks or attenuate spaces. Various third-party workaround utilities accept been developed.[87]

In Chat 2004 for Mac OS X, abutment of circuitous scripts was inferior alike to Chat 97,[88] and Chat 2004 did not abutment Apple Avant-garde Typography appearance like ligatures or glyph variants.[89]

Bullets and numbering

Microsoft Chat supports ammo lists and numbered lists. It additionally appearance a calculation arrangement that helps add absolute numbers to pages, chapters, headers, footnotes, and entries of tables of content; these numbers automatically change to absolute ones as new items are added or absolute items are deleted. Bullets and calculation can be activated anon to paragraphs and catechumen them to lists.[90] Chat 97 through 2003, however, had problems abacus absolute numbers to numbered lists. In particular, a additional extraneous numbered account ability accept not started with cardinal one but instead resumed calculation afterwards the aftermost numbered list. Although Chat 97 accurate a hidden brand that said the account calculation charge restart afterward, the command to admit this brand (Restart Calculation command) was alone added in Chat 2003. However, if one were to cut the aboriginal account of the listed and adhesive it as addition account (e.g. fifth), afresh the restart brand would accept confused with it and the account would accept restarted in the boilerplate instead of at the top.[91]

Users can additionally actualize tables in Word. Depending on the version, Chat can accomplish simple calculations — forth with abutment for formulas and equations as well.

AutoSummarize

Available in assertive versions of Chat (e.g., Chat 2007), AutoSummarize highlights passages or phrases that it considers admired and can be a quick way of breeding a awkward abstruse or an controlling summary.[92] The bulk of argument to be retained can be defined by the user as a allotment of the accepted bulk of text.

According to Ron Fein of the Chat 97 team, AutoSummarize cuts bombastic archetype to the cartilage by counting words and baronial sentences. First, AutoSummarize identifies the best accepted words in the certificate (barring "a" and "the" and the like) and assigns a "score" to anniversary chat – the added frequently a chat is used, the college the score. Then, it "averages" anniversary book by abacus the array of its words and adding the sum by the cardinal of words in the book – the college the average, the college the rank of the sentence. "It's like the arrangement of aureate to chaff," explains Fein.[93]

AutoSummarize was removed from Microsoft Chat for Mac OS X 2011, although it was present in Chat for Mac 2008. AutoSummarize was removed from the Office 2010 absolution adaptation (14) as well.[94]

Shortcut Keys

There are abounding shortcuts that can be acclimated in Microsoft Word, however, there are a brace of mostly acclimated shortcuts. To accomplish belletrist bold: "Control+B", Accomplish belletrist italic: "Control+I", Accomplish belletrist underline: "Control+U", Archetype text: "Control+C", and to Adhesive text: Control+V. There are abounding added adjustment keys that you can use in Microsoft Office as well.

Word for the web

Further information: Microsoft Office § Office on the web

Word for the web is a chargeless failing adaptation of Microsoft Chat attainable as allotment of Office on the web, which additionally includes web versions of Microsoft Excel and Microsoft PowerPoint.

Word for the web lacks some Ribbon tabs, such as Design and Mailings. Mailings allows users to book envelopes and labels, and administer mail absorb press of Chat documents.[95][96] Chat for the web is not able to adapt assertive objects, such as equations, shapes, argument boxes, or drawings, but a placeholder may be present in the document. Assertive avant-garde appearance like table allocation or columns will not be displayed but are preserved as they were in the document. Added angle attainable in the Chat desktop app (Outline, Draft, Web Layout, and Full Screen Reading) are not available, nor are side-by-side viewing, breach windows, and the ruler.[97]

Password protection

Main article: Microsoft Office countersign protection

There are three countersign types that can be set in Microsoft Word:

Password to attainable a document[98]

Password to adapt a document[98]

Password akin formatting and editing[99]

The additional and the third blazon of passwords were developed by Microsoft for acceptable aggregate use of abstracts rather than for their protection. There is no encryption of abstracts that are adequate by such passwords, and the Microsoft Office aegis arrangement saves a assortment sum of a countersign in a document's advance area it can be calmly accessed and removed by the specialized software. Countersign to attainable a certificate offers abundant tougher aegis that had been steadily added in the consecutive editions of Microsoft Office.

Word 95 and all the above-mentioned editions had the weakest aegis that activated a about-face of a countersign to a 16-bit key.

Key breadth in Chat 97 and 2000 was adequate up to 40 bit. However, avant-garde arise software allows removing such a countersign absolute bound – a assiduous arise action takes one anniversary at most. Use of bubble tables reduces countersign abatement time to several seconds. Some countersign accretion software can not alone abolish a countersign but additionally acquisition an absolute countersign that was acclimated by a user to encrypt the certificate appliance brute-force advance approach. Statistically, the achievability of convalescent the countersign depends on the countersign strength.

Word's 2003/XP adaptation absence aegis remained the aforementioned but an advantage that accustomed avant-garde users allotment a Cryptographic Service Provider was added.[100] If a able CSP is chosen, affirmed certificate decryption becomes unavailable, and accordingly a countersign can't be removed from the document. Nonetheless, a countersign can be adequately bound best with a brute-force attack, because its acceleration is still aerial behindhand of the CSP selected. Moreover, back the CSPs are not alive by default, their use is bound to avant-garde users only.

Word 2007 offers decidedly added defended certificate aegis which utilizes the avant-garde Avant-garde Encryption Accepted (AES) that converts a countersign to a 128-bit key appliance a SHA-1 assortment action 50000 times. It makes countersign abatement absurd (as of today, no computer that can aces the key in a reasonable bulk of time exists), and acutely slows the brute-force advance acceleration bottomward to several hundreds of passwords per second.

Word's 2010 aegis algorithm was not afflicted afar from the accretion cardinal of SHA-1 conversions up to 100000 times, and consequently, the brute-force advance acceleration decreased two times more.